{"manuscript_title":"<b>A conceptual framework for educational software on back pain and neck pain management</b>","abstract":"<b>Background and aims:</b> Digital technologies have created many opportunities as part of transformative learning in higher education. The current research aimed to develop a conceptual framework for mobile learning to manage low back and neck pain in physiotherapy students.<b>Methods:</b> This study was done in three stages. First, the initial model of the system was determined in three main axes through brainstorming sessions and by examining the existing gaps in the training process of physiotherapy students. Second, data content for these three axes was extracted using a literature review. Electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar search engine, library resources, and Google Play app store were used for the review. The content obtained in the previous stage was validated in the third stage, and the final conceptual framework was obtained.<b>Results:</b> The conceptual framework of the system was first designed in the three axes of demographic information, clinical and psychological history, clinical content for training, and features of software and exercises. Then, data content in these three axes was extracted using a literature review. In the first axis, 24 data items were obtained. In the second axis, five main categories included 34, 31, 31, 29, and 39 items, respectively. In the third axis, 36 data items were confirmed. The importance of the data content of this framework was calculated based on the percentages provided by experts. The average axis of demographic information, clinical and psychological history was 4.90, clinical content for training was 4.72, and software features and exercises were 4.90.<b>Conclusions: </b>The final validated conceptual framework can be a useful solution to improve the education of physiotherapy students to make decisions and help with correct clinical reasoning and the correct method of performing therapeutic exercises.<b> </b>","keywords":["<i>Exercise therapy</i>","<i>Low back pain</i>","<i>Neck pain</i>","<i>Medical Education</i>","<i>Mobile app</i>"]}